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Estimate of Angle of Internal Friction



The angle of internal friction can be estimated from a sands relative density and it's gradation. Relative density is a measure of how dense a sand is compared with its maximum density.
Relative DensityGrain TypeGradationAngle of Internal Friction
40Fine GrainedUniform34
40Fine GrainedWell Graded36
40Medium GrainedUniform36
40Medium GrainedWell Graded38
40Coarse GrainedUniform38
40Coarse GrainedUniform41
60Fine GrainedUniform36
60Fine GrainedWell Graded38
60Medium GrainedUniform38
60Medium GrainedWell Graded41
60Coarse GrainedUniform41
60Coarse GrainedUniform43
80Fine GrainedUniform39
80Fine GrainedWell Graded41
80Medium GrainedUniform41
80Medium GrainedWell Graded43
80Coarse GrainedUniform44
80Coarse GrainedUniform44
100Fine GrainedUniform42
100Fine GrainedWell Graded43
100Medium GrainedUniform43
100Medium GrainedWell Graded44
100Coarse GrainedUniform44
100Coarse GrainedUniform46


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