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Punching Failure of Soils

Punching Shear. The figure above shows punching shear failure along a wedge slip path ’abc’. Slip lines do not develop and little or no bulging occurs at the ground surface. Vertical movement associated with increased loads causes compression of the soil immediately beneath the foundation. Vertical settlement may occur suddenly as a series of small movements without visible collapse or significant tilting. Punching failure is often associated with deep foundation elements, particularly in loose sands. Failure in Sand. There is a critical relative depth below which only punching shear failure occurs. For circular foundations, this critical relative depth is about D/B = 4 and for long (L ~ 5B) rectangular foundations around D/B = 8. The limits of the types of failure depend upon the compressibility of the sand. More compressible materials will have lower critical depths.

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