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| When water is added to cement a chemical process called hydration takes place. Chemicals in the cement chemically react and are transformed into new compounds. |
Combined Materials | Transformed Compound |
| Tricalcium Silicate + Water | Tobermorite Gel + Calcium Hydroxide |
| Dicalcium Silicate + Water | Tobermorite Gel + Calcium Hydroxide |
| Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite + Water + Calcium Hydroxide | Calcium Aluminoferrite Hydrate |
| Tetracalcium Aluminate + Water + Calcium Hydroxide | Tetracalcium Aluminate Hydrate |
| Tetracalcium Aluminate + Water + Gypsum | Calcium Monosulfoaluminate |
| The Tobermorite Gel which makes up about 50% of the hydrated cement is the main cementing agent of portland cement however each component has it's own role in the final characteristics of the cement. |
Material | Properties |
| Tricalcium Silicate | Responsible for high early strength. It undergoes a final set in a few hours. The chemical reaction with water gives off heat and the rate of hardening is related to this heat of hydration. The majority of it's strength is attained within 7 days |
| Tricalcium Aluminate | Exibits an instant set when combined with water. Primarially responsible for the initial set of the cement. The gypsum controls the time for the initial set. Higher concentrations result in a faster set and an increased resistance to sulfite attack. |
| Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite | Material hydrates rapidy and develops low strength but does not develop an instant set. |
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