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Deterioration of Concrete - Alkali-silica reaction

Mechanism. Some aggregates containing silica that is soluble in highly alkaline solutions may react to form a solid non-expansive calcium alkali silica complex or an alkali-silica complex which can imbibe considerable amounts of water and then expand, disrupting the concrete. Symptoms. Visual examination of those concrete structures that are affected will generally show map or pattern cracking and a general appearance that indicates that the concrete is swelling . Petrographic examination may be used to confirm the presence of alkali-silica reaction. Prevention. In general, the best prevention is to avoid using aggregates that are known or suspected to be reactive or to use a cement containing less than 0.60 percent alkalies

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